What is a Tooth Lesion? Dental health is one of the most important factors affecting our quality of life. In addition to dental caries, plaque accumulation and gum diseases, dental lesions are also a serious dental health problem. Tooth lesions are textural disorders that occur in the structure of the tooth, mostly due to bacterial or traumatic causes. If left untreated, tooth lesions can lead to serious problems such as pain, tooth loss and infection.
In this article, we will provide detailed information on what dental lesions are, the causes, symptoms, treatment methods and ways to prevent them.
What is a Tooth Lesion?
A tooth lesion is a pathological condition that occurs in the structure of the tooth and is characterized by deterioration of the hard or soft tissues of the tooth. Lesions can occur in the enamel, dentin or root area of the tooth and are usually caused by caries, gum disease or trauma. While it can be treated when detected early on, in later stages it can lead to structural damage to the tooth and even tooth loss.
Tooth lesions can be divided into different types according to the site of occurrence and causes:
- Caries Lesions: These are lesions caused by the erosion of tooth enamel.
- Abrasion Lesions: Caused by hard brushing or clenching.
- Erosion Lesions: It occurs when acidic foods and drinks damage the teeth.
- Root Lesions: These are lesions that develop in the root of the tooth, mostly caused by periodontal diseases.
What Causes Tooth Lesion?
Tooth lesions can be caused by different reasons. What is a Tooth Lesion? Here are the most common causes of tooth lesions:
- Bacterial Infections: Bacteria in the mouth combine with food debris to produce acid, which erodes tooth enamel and causes lesions.
- Gum Diseases: Gum diseases can progress to the roots of the teeth and cause root lesions.
- Trauma: Excessive force on the teeth (such as clenching, bumping or falling) can cause lesions to form.
- Acidic Foods and Drinks: Continuous consumption of acidic foods and drinks can erode the tooth surface and cause lesions.
- Incorrect Tooth Brushing Technique: Brushing hard can wear down the enamel and cause abrasion lesions.
Symptoms of Tooth Lesion
Tooth lesions may be asymptomatic at first and the patient usually does not notice them. However, as the lesion progresses, some symptoms may appear. Symptoms of a tooth lesion are usually as follows:
1. Tooth Sensitivity
The lesioned tooth becomes sensitive to hot, cold, sweet or acidic foods. This condition, which is especially common in erosion and caries lesions, occurs when the dentin layer is exposed as a result of the lesion eroding the tooth enamel.
2. Toothache
Pain sensation may increase as the lesion progresses. Initially intermittent pain may become constant if left untreated. Lesions that reach the root of the tooth can cause severe pain.
3. Color Change
Yellowing, brown or black spots may appear on the affected tooth. Visible discoloration is especially common in carious lesions.
4. Tooth structure deterioration and pitting
Lesions can cause surface defects and pitting of the tooth. This occurs as a result of wear and structural weakening of the tooth enamel.
5. Jaw Pain and Headache
Jaw and headache complaints may occur, especially in lesions caused by traumatic conditions such as clenching or grinding. These pains increase when the tooth lesions affect the surrounding tissues.
Types of Tooth Lesion
Tooth lesions can be categorized differently according to their cause and location. Here are the most common types of dental lesions:
Caries Lesions
Dental caries is one of the most common types of lesion. It occurs as a result of bacteria accumulating on the surface of the tooth and producing acid, and when left untreated, it can progress to the internal structure of the tooth.
Erosion Lesions
Erosion of the tooth surface caused by excessive consumption of acidic foods and drinks. Erosion leads to thinning of the enamel and increased sensitivity.
Abrasion Lesions
Lesions caused by external factors such as improper brushing, hard brushing or clenching. It causes abrasions on the tooth surface and usually occurs at the neck of the tooth.
Abfraction Lesions
Malocclusion between the jaw and teeth or clenching/grinding can cause abfraction lesions. These lesions lead to V-shaped notches in the neck of the tooth.
Tooth Lesion Treatment Methods
The treatment of dental lesions may vary depending on the type of lesion and its level of progression. Lesions that are recognized at an early stage are more easily treated, while lesions in advanced stages may require more complex treatment processes.
1. Filling Application
Lesions caused by decay or abrasion can be treated with a filling. The dentist cleans the damaged area, covers it with filling material and restores the tooth to its former structure.
2. Fluorine Applications
Fluorine strengthens tooth enamel and protects against decay and wear. Fluoride treatment is especially recommended for early caries lesions.
3. Root Canal Treatment
In cases where the lesion has progressed to the internal structure of the tooth, root canal treatment can be applied. In this treatment, the infected tissue inside the tooth is removed, cleaned and the canal is filled with filling material.
4. Porcelain or Composite Lamina
If there is a serious deterioration in the tooth structure, the appearance and function of the tooth can be restored with lamina applications. This method covers the surface of the tooth, providing an aesthetic solution.
5. Gum Treatments
In root lesions, gum treatments come into play. The gums and root surface are cleaned, followed by special treatments to restore the health of the root tissue.
Ways to Prevent Tooth Lesions
To prevent dental lesions, it is important to pay attention to regular oral care and proper eating habits. Here are some steps you can take to prevent tooth lesions:
1. Using the Right Toothbrushing Techniques
Brushing your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush, using gentle movements, helps prevent abrasion and abrasion lesions.
2. Regular Dental Checkups
Dental check-ups are important for early detection of lesions. Going for dental check-ups at least twice a year contributes to protecting your dental health.
3. Reduce consumption of acidic foods and beverages
Avoiding excessive consumption of acidic foods and drinks helps prevent erosion lesions. After consuming acidic foods, it is a healthier choice to rinse your teeth with water instead of brushing them immediately.
4. Stress Management
Teeth clenching or grinding can lead to dental lesions. Managing stress, regulating sleep habits and using night aligners when necessary can help prevent lesions.
Conclusion
Tooth lesions are an important dental health problem that should not be neglected. Lesions that are recognized and treated early reduce the risk of tooth loss and protect your dental health. If you notice symptoms such as sensitivity, pain or discoloration in your teeth, it is important to consult a dentist for a detailed examination.
Remember: Regular check-ups, proper dental care habits and attention to dietary habits are essential to maintain your dental health. Early diagnosis and treatment is the most effective way to prevent dental lesions.
